Abstract
Preclinical studies –
is animal testing necessary?
The drug regulatory authorities require testing in animals, to be exact in at least two mammalian species, before the first-in-human trials can be approved. Common criticism is that the results from animal studies can merely be extrapolated to humans and are therefore an unnecessary cruelty. How valid are the results indeed, and what could be an alternative to animal testing? The following websites and documents comment on these issues.
is animal testing necessary?
The drug regulatory authorities require testing in animals, to be exact in at least two mammalian species, before the first-in-human trials can be approved. Common criticism is that the results from animal studies can merely be extrapolated to humans and are therefore an unnecessary cruelty. How valid are the results indeed, and what could be an alternative to animal testing? The following websites and documents comment on these issues.
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Editoral Board
Editor-in-Chief:
- Phillip Leventhal (4Clinics, Lyon, France)
Co-Editor:
Managing Editor
- Victoria White (Tampa, Florida, USA) Email: MEW@emwa.org
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Associate Editors:
- Anuradha Alahari (PAREXEL International, Paris, France)
- Raquel Billiones (Clinipace, Zurich, Switzerland)
- Barbara Grossman (Hawkeye Medical Limited, Berkshire, UK)
- Joselita T Salita (Freelance, Bremen, Germany)
- Nathan Susnik (Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany)
- Clare (Chi-Chih) Chang
- Jonathan Pitt
Section Editors:
- Alison McIntosh (ICON Clinical Research, Hampshire, UK)
- Wendy Kingdom (Wendy Kingdom Ltd., Dulverton, UK)
- Lisa Chamberlain-James (Trilogy Writing and Consulting, Norfolk, UK)
- Maria Koltowska-Haggstrom (Proper Medical Writing Warsaw, Poland)
- Laura Collada Ali (Teksema, Cogne, Italy)
- Hervé Maisonneuve (Freelance, Lyon, France)
- Satyen Shenoy (Describe Scientific Writing & Communications, Cologne, Germany)
- Claire Gudex (Klinisk Institut, Odense, Denmark)
- Sam Hamilton (Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK)
- Anu Alahari
- Evguenia Alechine
- Kelly Goodwin Burri
- Stephen Gilliver
- Amy Whereat
Ad-hoc Editors:
- Amy Whereat (SpeaktheSpeech Consulting, Asnieres sur Seine, France)
Editor Emeritus:
- Elise Langdon-Neuner (Medical University of Vienna, Austria)