Medical Writing Visual Communications Visualisations in science communication: Friend or foe?

Volume 29, Issue 1 - Visual Communications

Visualisations in science communication: Friend or foe?

Abstract

An image is worth a thousand words. This saying is easily disregarded as a cliché in today’s extremely visual world, but it may ring truer than ever. With the vast amounts of information reaching us every day, visualisations are increasingly important to make sense of (big) data and to aid fast decision making in science and healthcare. An effective visualisation satisfies both a scientific and a design perspective, a balancing act that requires two different skill sets. Science communicators can play a key role in translating scientific data into good visuals, but there are several common pitfalls to watch out for.

Download the full article

References

  1. Kabat GC. Taking distrust of science seriously: To overcome public distrust in science, scientists need to stop pretending that there is a scientific consensus on controversial issues when there is not. EMBO Rep. 2017 Jul;18(7):1052–5.
  2. Maddox J. The prevalent distrust of science. Nature. 1995;378(6556):435–7.
  3. Ward PR. Improving access to, use of, and outcomes from public health programs: The Importance of building and maintaining trust with patients/clients. Front Public Health. 2017;5:22.
  4. Lindner K, Blosser G, Cunigan K. Visual versus auditory learning and memory recall performance on short-term versus longterm tests. Modern Psychological Studies. 2009;15(1):39–46.
  5. Cohen MA, Horowitz TS, Wolfe JM. Auditory recognition memory is inferior to visual recognition memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(14):6008–10.
  6. Goolkasian P, Foos PW. Presentation format and its effect on working memory. Mem Cognit. 2002;30(7):1096–1105.
  7. Grady CL, McIntosh AR, Natasha Rajah M, Craik FIM. Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95(5):2703–8.
  8. Merkle BG. Drawn to science. Nature. 2018;562(7725):S8–9.
  9. Tsafrir J, Ohry A. Medical illustration: from caves to cyberspace. Health Info Libr J. 2001 Jun;18(2):99–109.
  10. Scott H, Fawkner S, Oliver CW, Murray A. How to make an engaging infographic? Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(16):1183–4
  11. Dahlstrom MF. Using narratives and story - telling to communicate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111 Suppl 4:13614–20.
  12. Hawthornthwaite L, Roebotham T, Lee L, O’dowda M, Lingard L. Three sides to every story: Preparing patient and family storytellers, facilitators, and audiences. Perm J. 2018;22:17–119.
  13. Hartling L, Scott S, Pandya R, et al. Storytelling as a communication tool for health consumers: development of an intervention for parents of children with croup. Stories to communicate health information. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10:64
  14. Cunningham RM, Boom JA. Telling stories of vaccine-preventable diseases: why it works. S D Med. 2013;(Spec no):21–6.
  15. ElShafie SJ. Making science meaningful for broad audiences through stories. Integr Comp Biol. 2018 Dec 1;58(6):1213–23.
  16. Cabanski C, Gilbert H, Mosesova S. Can graphics tell lies? A tutorial on how to visualize your data. Clin Transl Sci. 2018 Jul;11(4):371–7.
  17. Pandey A, Rall K, Satterthwaite M, Nov O, Bertini E. How deceptive are deceptive visualizations? An empirical analysis of common distortion techniques (2015). NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 15-03.
  18. McCandless D. Information is beautiful [internet]. [cited 2019 July 11]. Available from: https://informationisbeautiful. net/visualizations/what-makes-a-gooddata- visualization/.
  19. Tufte E. Tufte on design and data [Internet]. [cited 2019 July 11]. Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/ tufteondesign/home/six-fundamentalprinciples- of-design.
  20. The Interactions Design Foundation [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://www.interaction-design.org/ literature/topics/gestalt-principles.
  21. Ellis G. (Editor). Cognitive Biases in Visualizations. 2018. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-95831-6.
  22. Xiong C, van Weelden L, Franconeri S. The curse of knowledge in visual data communication. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2019. Electronic ISSN: 1941-0506.
  23. Graphical abstracts [Internet]. Elsevier [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://www.elsevier.com/authors/ journal-authors/graphical-abstract.
  24. Information for Authors [Internet]. Cell [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://www.cell.com/cell/authors.
  25. Guidelines for Graphical Abstracts [Internet]. JCB. [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: http://jcb.rupress.org/ graphical-abstract.
  26. Barnes A, Patrick S. Lay summaries of clinical study results: An overview. Pharm Med (2019). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s40290-019-00285-0.
  27. Summaries of Clinical Trial Results for Laypersons [Internet]. European Commission. [cited 2019 July 7] Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/ health/files/files/eudralex/vol-10/2017_ 01_26_summaries_of_ct_results_for_ laypersons.pdf.
  28. Picturing to learn [Internet]. National Science Foundation. [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://www.picturingtolearn.org/.
  29. Science and engineering visualisation challenge, section Illustration [Internet]. Science. [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/ 301/5639/1476.long
  30. The Science of Science Communication III (SSCIII). Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity [Internet]. National Academy of Sciences. [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: http://www.nasonline.org/ programs/nas-colloquia/completed_ colloquia/.
  31. Fischhoff B, Dietram A. Scheufele. The science of science communication III. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(16):7632–3.
  32. The power of storytelling [Internet]. The health foundation. [cited 2019 July 7]. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/newsletterfeature/ power-of-storytelling;
  33. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/sites/default/ files/Using-storytelling-in-health-careimproveme.
  34. Stones C, Gent M. Visualising health: Infographics in public health [Internet]. AHRC and University of Leeds [cited 2019 July 7] Available from: https://visualisinghealth.com/designguidelines/.

Search

Articles

Editorial
EMWA News
President's Message
Medical illustration in the 21st century and beyond
Visualisations in science communication: Friend or foe?
How and why it works: The principles and history behind visual communication
Get your (visual) act together: Optimising the design of labels and arrows in medical illustrations
A picture is worth a thousand words
The evolution of the scientific poster: From eye-sore to eye-catcher
Leveraging infographics in study schemas
Enhancing accessibility of study data: The development of a graphical abstract for lay summaries of clinical trial results
Connecting medical writers in Portugal through visual communication
Clinical trial design: Considerations for medical writers developing clinical trial protocols
Planting a “non-biological” seed – will this meme persist?
Regulatory Matters
News from the EMA
Journal Watch
Getting Your Foot in the Door
Veterinary Medical Writing
Good Writing Practice
Medical Writing Humour
Out on our Own

Links

The Write Stuff Archive Contact Instructions for Authors Article Template (Word) Journal Policies

Editoral Board

Editor-in-Chief

Raquel Billiones

Co-Editors

Evguenia Alechine

Jonathan Pitt

Managing Editor

Victoria White

Associate Editors

Anuradha Alahari

Jennifer Bell

Nicole Bezuidenhout

Claire Chang

Barbara Grossman

Sarah Milner

John Plant

Sampoorna Rappaz

Amy Whereat

Section Editors

Daniela Kamir

AI/Automation

Jennifer Bell

Biotechnology

Nicole Bezuidenhout 

Digital Communication

Somsuvro Basu

EMWA News 

Ana Sofia Correia 

Gained in Translation

Ivana Turek

Getting Your Foot in the Door

Wendy Kingdom / Amy Whereat

Good Writing Practice

Alison McIntosh 

In the Bookstores

Maria Kołtowska-Häggström

Lingua Franca and Beyond

Maddy Dyer

Publications

Lisa Chamberlain-James

Medical Communications/Writing for Patients

Payal Bhatia

Medical Devices

Evguenia Alechine

My First Medical Writing

Anuradha Alahari

News from the EMA

Adriana Rocha

Freelancing

Tiziana von Bruchhausen

Pharmacovigilance

Clare ChangZuo Yen Lee 

Regulatory Matters

Sam Hamilton

Regulatory Public Disclosure

Claire Gudex

Teaching Medical Writing

Louisa Ludwig-Begall / Sarah Kabani

The Crofter: Sustainable Communications

Louisa Marcombes

Veterinary Writing

Editors Emeritus

Elise Langdon-Neuner

Phil Leventhal

Layout Designer

Chris Monk